Goodwill
Here you go, hope this helps. I'm not sure if I missed someone in a smaller cameo but these are the major villians/rogues that did make an appearance. In short, yes there were some very prominent villians shown here that have a large section of Batman lore revolving around them (especially Ra's).
The Scarecrow - Jonathan Crane. In the comics, as opposed too the movie, Crane was not the head of Arkham Asylum, but he was a psychologist who specialized in fear. Alot of how he's portrayed is pretty close too the comics, but there are some differences. For instance, while the movie simply has him wearing a mask (which looks awesome) in the comics he wears a mask in addition too a tall floppy hat and patchwork get-up that looks like a scarecrows. He also usually dispenses his fear-gas from a device that looks like a squeezable skull (but he has used many other methods, such as darts, serums, ect.) Overall, I really love the way they treated Scarecrow in the movie. Cillian Murphy was the perfect choice I think. Charismatic but incredibly creepy, with the wirey frame and "spooky" complexion (pale skin, dark hair, ect).
Oh, just for an interesting fact, in the comics, while quite a few people can outfight the fear effects his toxins bring on, there is only one person that I definitely know of that has shown a total resistance too the fear-gas. The Joker. Scarecrow sprayed him once and Joker preceded too beat the hell out of him with a chair.
Ra's Al Ghul - Denny O'Neil and Neal Adams created Ra's back in the early 70s during their definitive Batman run. He was meant too kinda be the ultimate threat to Batman, someone who rivaled him in knowledge, ability, resources, power and belief in mission. Ra's mission is of course too rebalance the Earth by reducing the human populace. While the movie has this same mission, comicbook Ra's is more large-scale in his attempts while the movie made him more surgical. Still, almost everything else is the same but there are a few differences. One was the Lazarus Pits. Comicbook Ra's is immortal and these things are the secret too it. While the movie didn't show these or hint at them, there is still the possibility they exist and could be introduced later on. It would also allow for Ra's too return from the dead in a sequel since they can restore life, but I doubt this will happen. Still, Ra's did speak as if he had been living and using the League of Shadows for centuries in the movie, so who knows.
The other major element was Talia, Ra's daughter. She was a long-standing love interest too Bats and Ra's had deemed Bruce worthy of his daughter and of being his successor. She was also an incredibly skilled assassin. I will note that it was at least hinted at that she could exist since Ra's spoke of his wife (her death is also taken from the comics, see Son of the Demon). I understand why they didn't feature her, but I hope she makes an appearance in a later film, she has such a great character and history.
Overall I was really impressed with Ra's handling and think they nailed it. BTW, the stories by O'Neil/Adams featuring him (as well as their overall Batman run) were fantastic. I recommend reading them if possible through reprinting or back-issues.
Zsasz - Zsasz or Mr. Zsasz is a serial killer with a kind of existential view of life. He was a wealthy individual but lost everything and was going to kill himself but decided to kill others after he was almost mugged in the process of suicide. He views killing you as freeing you. Every time he kills someone, he carves a tallymark into his skin (a pity they weren't more prominently displayed but they are visible if you look at him closely). He's a creepy guy and makes for a great story when written right. His origins are different in the movie of course, but his character and methods are obviously the same. I was elated too see him show up.
Carmine "The Roman" Falcone - Pretty much the same as shown in the movie. Falcone was the last old-school crimeboss in Gotham and ran the underworld (along with the rest of the city) when Batman was making his debut (see Year One). He was killed off when Bats traditional rogues came onto the scene (can't remember issues for this).
also, Joe Chill comes from the Pre-Crisis Batman universe. Batman eventually did discover who killed his parents (Chill). Batman resisted the urge for revenge though and turned Chill in (pretty sure this is the full story, I don't have the story myself I've gotten it secondhand. I can check it out a little more though).
ManWithoutFear : There's no reason to be ashamed, we all get mixed up. Danny Elfmann and John Williams are both brilliant composers and I am a huge fan of both. Movies are my religion though, so I usually catch all the little things
.