Ok I'll just take a moment to explain the X-titles of the moment to you.
You have the core 3.
Astonishing- Its written by Joss Whedon. Its one of the best and most popular books out at the moment with complete justification. Read this. The latest issue is number 8 so your not far behind story wise (1 arc and 2 issues) but theres the previous continuity. If you don't get a lot, you'll miss some of the jokes but thats ok. Try not to spoil the return from the dead for yourself if thats possible. I'd recommend grabbing the trade if at all possible. Really.
Uncanny- Tells the classic superhero style stories. Not really realistic but good Claremont fun (Super duper super powered women, lots of typical phrases and its very wordy. Lots of dialog and talking). Personally I like this book but its been a bit up and down. Had a few arcs since Reload but some have been quite interesting.
Adjectivelss X-men- The weakest of the titles so far. There has been 1 arc and a christmas issue so your not far behind. The first arc was written by Austen. I wouldn't recommend it. You might just want to give this one a miss altogether except a new writer (Milligan from X-statix) just came on and may be ok. Personally, make this the lowest of your 3.
Then you have the solo series. I'll mention all I can remember but there are a lot at the moment.
Nightcrawler- Going on a break soon but apparently its ok so maybe if your a fan, about 6 issues so far
Rogue- New writer doing much better, first arc was pretty lame but did finally explain Rogue's family. They were hippies in a cult and her mother had magical powers and went to some alternate plane. It wasn't great. Her name's Anna-Marie. The new writer, Tony Bedard (Exiles) is doing quite well from what I've read. Again, Read if your a fan, 6 issues so far
Gambit- Same as nightcrawler with no break. 7 or 8 issues so far
Cable/Deadpool- This is supposed to be quite a good book, even if you don't like one of the characters. I would probably say this would be a good choice from the solo series 12 or 14 so far
District X- This is also one of the better books out at the moment. Not really a solo book but its centered on Bishop. Its about the less super hero type mutants who live in mutant town 10 or so so far
Then there are the other titles, some important some not so
Excalibur- A book thats getting good. If you like Mags and Xavier, come here. About 10 issues. Not for everyone but lots of people do like it.
Exiles- A great book thats really easy to get into. I wouldn't recommend jumping on at the current issues though. Try to get the trades because, personally I do love this book
New X-men- About the students at Xaviers. Stories aimed at younger readers (less grit, destruction and sex) but they are still some good stories. Really a continuation from New Mutants second series. About 20 issues (incl New Mutants)
Wolverine- Loads of issues. If you like Wolverine, its apparently in a good place now being written by Millar.
The Minis.
X-23- A miniseries about a new character who was in a few Uncanny issues and Nyx (see below). This is only about 2 issues in but its a fantastically written story. Its about her origin. Basically, she's a tiny female Wolverine with a blade in her foot and only two on her hands. Not mutant tiny, just short that is. Even if you dislike the concept, I would suggest trying this book because its so well written
Phoenix Endsong- Supposedly the "Final Story Ever of the Phoenix". Mostly for long time fans. Too continuity laden to use to get into the X-verse. It'll be there when your ready for it.
Nyx- Wonderful book about street life for mutants. This started nearly 2 years ago but its only 4 issues in because of terrible scheduling. Its a great book and it introduces X-23 so some issues might be hard to come by except they're being reprinted in Must Haves for april. 3 issues to come, supposedly in the next few months
Hope this all helps, if you ahve any more questions, just ask and to everyone else, sorry if i made a few mistakes on the issue numbers. They were just guesses.